Does U.S. health care policy answer the needs of the health issue better than international policies?
• Does U.S. health care policy answer the needs of the health issue better than international policies? Why or why not?
Global Consciousness in the Twenty-First Century
Written in collaboration with Barbara Kupchak
What we remember, we can change; what we forget we always are.
(Tafoya, 1996)
Objectives
After completing this chapter, the reader should be able to:
1. Discuss the relationship between Earth health and human health.
2. Describe the role and ethical responsibility of nursing in addressing local, national,
and global environmental issues.
3. Discuss nursing role, responsibility, and ethical stance in responding to local,
national, and global issues such as disaster, displaced persons, war and violence,
epidemics, and toxic chemicals and other pollutants.
4. Discuss historical events and patterns of health care delivery that have helped to
shape Western systems of health care delivery in the United States.
5. Describe trends and challenges of accessibility and financing facing health care
delivery systems around the globe.
6. Discuss factors prompting a renewed interest in traditional healing systems
worldwide.
7. Briefly describe factors affecting health care delivery for rural and urban aggregates.
Introduction
There are many global concerns that have a significant impact on health and well-being
of people and the planet. Ethical and other issues associated with these concerns call for
both personal and professional responses from nurses at local, national, and international
levels. Examples of these issues include Earth health, natural and other disasters,
displaced persons, famine and malnutrition, child labor, use of torture, war and violence,
genocide, unexploded bombs and land mines, pollution, global warming, epidemics and
drug resistant organisms, bioterrorism, and access to and financing of health care (both
modern and traditional systems). Nurses need to be aware of both overt and covert
human rights violations that are at the heart of, or result from, many of these global
concerns. Discussion of nursing role, responsibility, and ethical considerations for several
of these concerns is included in this chapter. Students are encouraged to explore and
discuss appropriate nursing role and response related to global health issues not
discussed here.
Earth Ethics and Health
Discussions of ethics, especially health care ethics, generally refer to principles and practices
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