Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.
Obesity and heart failure
.
What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission?
Getting orders to stabilize MRS. J is priority.
According to ABCs. Putting oxygen on (Mrs. J’s O2 sats are 82%).
Keeping head up to prevent aspiration. Mrs. J is coughing frothy blood-tinged sputum. Additionaly, she has pulmonary cracles and decreased lung sounds.
Decrease anxiety and respiratory rate.
Monitor vital signs and heart function closely.
Administer medications as ordered.
Weight, strict I&O’s and fluid restriction. Mrs J. is retaining fluid. As nurses we need to know she is producing urine and measure her kidney function as well.
Monitor labs (electrolytes, kidney function, liver function).
Follow up on hepatomegaly.
What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications?
Lasix – According to American Heart Association when “the heart does not circulate blood normally, the kidneys receive less blood and filter less fluid out of the circulation into the urine. The extra fluid in the circulation builds up in the lungs, the liver, around the eyes, and sometimes in the legs (American Heart Association, 2017).
Since edema and crackles in the lungs were noted patient should be started on diuretics to get rid of the extra fluid in the body.
Vasotec – is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medication. By blocking this enzyme it lets vessels to relax and pump more blood, more efficiently into the body (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
Metoprolol – is a beta blocker. Beta blockers prevent norepinephrine (adrenalin) from acting on beta receptors in blood vessels and in the heart. This causes blood vessels to relax. By relaxing the vessels, beta blockers help to lower blood pressure and reduce chest pain (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Metoprolol tends to lower heart rate and is used for arrhythmias. Additionally, blood pressure medications will help control the blood pressure, reduce the cardiac workload and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart (American Heart Association, 2017).
IV morphine sulphate- is an opiod. Usually indicator for its use is a pain. However it works for brain respiratory center, lowering breathing rate and anxiety.
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