Attachments
Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage
Fifth Edition
Chapter 14
Project Closeout and Termination
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Learning Objectives
14.1 Distinguish among the four main forms of project termination.
14.2 Recognize the seven key steps in formal project closeout.
14.3 Understand key reasons for early termination of projects.
14.4 Know the challenges and components of a final project report.
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P M B o K Core Concepts
Project Management Body of Knowledge (P M B o K) covered in this chapter includes:
Close Project (P M B o K 4.6)
Close Procurements (P M B o K 12.4)
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Project Termination
The four main reasons for project termination are:
Extinction
Addition
Integration
Starvation
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Natural Termination—Closeout Process
Finishing the Work
Handing Over the Project
Private Finance Initiatives (P F I s)
Build, Operate, and Transfer (B O T)
Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer (B O O T)
Gaining Acceptance for the Project
Harvesting the Benefits
Reviewing How It All Went
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Post-Project Reviews
Objectivity and Issues
a. Outside reviewers are unfamiliar.
b. Project team may be suspicious.
c. Outside evaluators may be compelled to find problems.
d. Outside reviewers are not competent.
Internal Consistency
Replicability
Fairness
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Lessons Learned Meetings
Common Errors
Misidentifying systematic errors
Misapplying or misinterpreting lessons based on events
Failure to pass along conclusions
Meeting Guidelines
Establish clear rules of behavior
Describe objectively what occurred
Fix the problem, not the blame
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Closeout Paperwork
Documentation
Legal
Cost
Personnel
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Required Reviews
General program and project management confidence
Commercial confidence
Market and sales confidence
Product quality confidence
Manufacturing confidence
Supply chain logistics confidence
Aftermarket confidence
Health, safety, and environment confidence
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What Prevents Effective Project Closeouts?
Project sign off discourages other closeout activities.
Urgency of all project pressures cause shortcuts on back-end.
Low priority given to closeout activities.
Lessons learned analysis seen as bookkeeping.
Unique view of projects.
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Dynamic Project Factors to Monitor
Static
Task-team
Sponsorship
Economics
Environment
User
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Early Termination Decision Rules
Costs exceed business benefits.
Failure to meet strategic fit criteria.
Deadlines continue to be missed.
Technology evolves beyond the project’s scope.
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Project Termination Issues
Figure 14.2 Work Breakdown for Project Termination Issues
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Concerns When Shutting down a Project
Emotional Issues of the Project Team
Emotional Issues of the Clients
Intellectual Issues—Internal
Intellectual Issues—External
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Table 14.2 Concerns When Shutting Down a Project—Emotional
| Emotional—Project Team | Emotional—Client |
| Fear of no future work | Change in attitude |
| Loss of interest in remaining tasks | Loss of interest in project |
| Loss of project-derived motivation | Change in personnel dealing with project |
| Loss of team identity | Unavailability of key personnel |
| Selection of personnel to be reassigned | Blank |
| Diversion of effort | Blank |
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Table 14.2 Concerns When Shutting Down a Project—Intellectual
| Intellectual—Internal | Intellectual—External |
| Identification of remaining deliverables | Agreement with client on remaining deliverables |
| Certification needs | Agreement with suppliers on outstanding commitments |
| Identification of outstanding commitments | Communicating closure |
| Control of changes to project | Closing down facilities |
| Screening of partially completed tasks | Determination of requirements for audit trail data |
| Closure of work orders and work packages | Blank |
| Disposal of unused material | Blank |
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Top 10 Signs of I T Project Failure
Best practices and lessons learned are ignored.
Project lacks people with appropriate skills.
Sponsorship is lost.
Users are resistant.
Deadlines are unrealistic.
Business needs change.
Chosen technology changes.
Project changes are poorly managed.
Scope is ill-defined.
Project managers don’t understand user’s needs.
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Claims and Disputes
Two types of claims:
Ex-gratia claims
Default by the project company
Resolved by:
Arbitration
Binding
Nonbinding
Standard litigation
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Protecting Against Claims
Consider claims as part of the project plan.
Verify stakeholders know their risks.
Keep good records throughout the life cycle.
Keep clear details of change orders.
Archive all correspondence.
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Final Report Elements
Project performance
Administrative performance
Organizational structure
Team performance
Project management techniques
Benefits to the organization and customer
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Summary
Distinguish among the four main forms of project termination.
Recognize the seven key steps in formal project closeout.
Understand key reasons for early termination of projects.
Know the challenges and components of a final project report.
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright
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