Pick any two diseases that require diagnostic tests to identify them from the body system. Use of the body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatobiliary, lymphatic, reproductive or nervous systems. For each of the diseases, explain:
Why is a particular test recommended?
How does the test work?
What information is obtained from the diagnostic test regarding the disease?
Does the diagnosis need confirmation with another diagnostic test?
The hepatobiliary system
Test for hepatobiliaryoften starts with a pain that a person may be experiencing in the upper right side of their stomach or they may be having digestive problems and feel as if their food isn’t digesting properly and bring this to their doctor’s attention. Or, the doctor could find an abnormal sound and ask a series of questions while examining the patient during a routine check-up.
The doctor then prepares a series of diagnostic testing. The hepatobiliary system consists of the liver, the pancreas, bile ducts and gallbladder. One such organ that can sometimes become diseased is the gallbladder.(St Peter’s Hospital, n.d.) It is an organ of the hepatobiliary system that can sometimes develop gall stones or gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) leaks (of bile, caused from trauma and surgery) and stricture (a narrowing of the bile duct that moves bile from the liver to the small intestine.
To determine which of these conditions are affecting the diseased gallbladder, there are a few diagnostic tests that a person would have to subscribe to or have done. One such test to start with to check for gallstones is a CT scan to gather pictures of your gallbladder to look for signs of gallstones. To check for gallstones in the bile ducts to determine if a blockage has occurred from a gallstone stone is possibly a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan in this scan the radioactive chemical or tracer (dye) is injected into a view in your arm, or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Gallstones discovered using ERCP can be removed during the procedure. A dye is used along with the test to highlight the images so that your doctor can determine if a gallstone is present or other disease is present. (Merck Manual, 2016)
Other tests along with the above test will also include blood tests to see if any infections or other complications are present. These tests can result in the finding of any blockages in the bile ducts. During a gallbladder scan this radioactive tracer (dye) which is injected into the arm can move through the bloodstream and to the bile that flows through the ducts to the gallbladder. The gallbladder releases the tracer into the small intestine. A camera (gamma) (Merck Manual, 2016) takes pictures of the tracer as it moves through the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder and small intestine. (Merck Manual, 2016
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